Blade.



NDERS;

Patented Jan. 7, 1919.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WARREN B. FLANDERS, OF WILKINSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIONOR TO WESTING- HOUSE ELECTRIC & MANUFACTURING COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF PENNSYL- VANIA.

BLADE.

' Specification of Letters Patent.

' Patented Jan. '7, 1919.

Application filed April 14, 1917. Serial No. 182,020.

new and useful Invention in Blades, of

which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to blades and has for an object to produce an improved form of blading especially adapted to be employed in turblnes.

A further object is to produce a new and improved combination ahead and reversing blade.

A further. object is to produce a blade having a combination shroud and auxiliary bucket member formed on one end thereof.

A further object is to produce a blade which is especially adapted to be employed in reversible turbines.

These and other objects which will be made apparent throughout the further description of my invention are attained by means of bladmg embodying the features herein described and illustrated in the drawings accompanying and forming a part hereof.

It is common in marine turbine installations to employ either a separate turbine or separate turbine wheels and their blades for reversing operation. Double decked blades have also been employed for the purpose ofeliminating the necessity of employing either a separate reversing turbine or separate reversing wheels. In the old forms of double deck blades the working surfaces of both decks are of substantially the same construction but face in opposite directions. My invention comprises a new and improved double decked blade which has the advantages of compactness and increased strength over the old forms of double decked blades. While th blades illustrated are adapted for use as combined ahead and reversing turbine blades, it will be apparent that the invention broadly contemplates a multiple blade in which both working portions may be employed simultaneously, or in which one working portion is in operation only when the other is not in operation.

A"- illustrated, my invention consists in providing a row of auxiliary buckets of the peripheral or Pelton type, on the outer ends of an assembled row of blades. The auxiliary buckets are illustrated as reversing buckets and are formed in the shroud members of the blades, or so formed that they form a shroud for the assembled rows of blades. By means of my invention I produce a double decked blade, which is but slightly larger than the ordinary shrouded lmpulse blade, and with which a reversible turblne may be constructed without the neoesslty of employing separate blade wheels for reversing purposes.

In the drawings: Figure 1 is a perspective view of a blade embodying my invention. I v

Fig. 2 is a sectional view of a number'of blades assembled in a row.

Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the blades shown in Fig. 2.

The blade illustrated in Fig. 1 comprises a body'portion 5 having a mounting shank' 6 formed on one end thereof and a shroud member 7 formed on the other end. The shank 6 is adapted to engage a blade mount- .ing element and to be secured thereto by rivets or any other blade securing means. In this embodiment of my invention the body portion 5 of the blade is of the familiar impulse type. Impulse blades give the hlghest efficlency when they are shrouded so as to prevent leakage around the ends of the blades. For this reason, I have enlarged the shank 6 of the blade so as to form an inner shroudmember 8 which is adapted to fit against the face of an adjacent blade as shown in Figs. 2 and 3. The outer shroud member 7 is also adapted to fit against the face of an adjacent blade so that steampassages 9, walled in on all four sides, are provided between each two blades. The face of the blade body is, of course, formed to extract the velocity energy of the steam passing through the passage 9. I

The outer shroud member 7 is made somewhat deeper than usual and, as shown, has formed in its outer portion a bucket 10 of the peripheral or Pelton type. These buckets are substantially circular in plan and are obliquely disposed so as to overlap each other. They are adapted to receive steam from a nozzle having its axis 'substantially in the plane of the blade carrying element but located beyond the blades and inclined at an acute angle to the periphery of member 7 of that blade, and on the other side, an extension of the floor of the bucket formed in the shroud member on one of the adjacent blades. This is well shown in Figs. 2 and 3. When the blades are in the assembled position the upper surface of the lip 11 of each blade lines up with the top of the shroud member 7 of an adjacent blade so as to form a continuation of the floor 12 of the. bucket 10 formed in the other adjacent blade. The side Walls 13 of the lip 11 and the buckets 10 are adapted to coiiperate as shown so as to form smooth and continuous lateral shrouds for the buckets 10. These walls form the lateral faces of the peripheral shroud of the blades 5. As shown in the drawings there is one bucket 10 formed on' each blade but obviously the number of buckets may be either increased or decreased without departing from the spirit and scope of my invention. Furthermore, if the buckets are milled in the solid blade shroud after the blades are assembled the pitch of the buckets need bear no relation to the pitch of the blades inside of the shroud. As is well known to those skilled in the art buckets such as those illustrated are commonly milled in the solid periphery of a rotor wheel. By providing a somewhat heavier shroud on the blades than has commonly been provided I produce a surface on the outside of ordinary blades which may be milled to form the buckets 10 in the ordinary manner. Obviously these buckets may also be formed in casting, forging or milling the individual blades.

Although I have somewhat increased the depth of the shroud on the blade bodies 5, a large portion of this shroud is cut away, due to the buckets formed therein, consequently I have added substantially nothing to the weight of the blade and have increased its length but slightly. For these reasons blades built in accordancewith my invention give no trouble from excess weight, length, or objectionable vibrations.

Although I have shown the buckets 8 as facing in the opposite direction from the major portion of the blade, it is evident that they may equally well face the other way. They could then be employed for light loads or in augmenting the power of the turbine under overloads, or in series with the blades 5.

While I have illustrated and described but one embodiment of my invention, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, omissions and additions may be made in the blade illustrated without departing from the s irit and scope of the invention as set fort by the appended claims.

What I' claim is:

1. As an article of manufacture, a blade having a portion thereof formed to operate on motive fluid delivered to it in a transverse direction, and a portion on one end formed to operate on motive fluid delivered to it from a point beyond the end of the said portions bein arranged to produce mo- Y tion in opposite irections.

3. A turbine blade having a longitudinally-e'xtending transversely-curved working surface for receiving motive fluid delivered to it from one side of the blade, and an inclined bucket formed on one end of the blade for receiving motive fluid delivered to it from a point beyond the end of the blade. r

4. A turbine blade having a longitudinally extending working surface for receiving motive fluid delivered to it from one side of the blade, a shroud member formed on the outer end of the blade, and a bucket formed in the shroud member for receiving motive fluid delivered to it from a point beyond the end of the blade.

5. A turbine blade having a body portion for operating on motive fluid delivered to the blade from one side thereof, and a shroud member formed on the free end of the blade and adapted to cotipe'rate with similar members of adjacent blades to form a. continuous shroud around the free ends of the blades, said shroud member including parts of buckets in its outer portion so as to form a continuous row of buckets in the shroud when in-the coiiperating position.

6. Ina turbine blade, a blade body, and a bucket formed on the outer end thereof for 7. A blade having a body portion of the impulse type and a bucket of substantially the Pelton type formed on one end thereof.

8. Turbine blading comprising end su ported blades, shrouded at the free en s, and impulse buckets formed in the peripheral face of the shroud.

9. Turbine blading comprising end supported blades mounted in a row, a shroud for the free ends of the blades and peripheral buckets so formed in said shroud as to be shrouded by the lateral portions thereof.

10. Turbine blading comprising end supported blades mounted in a row, a shroud member formed at the free end of each blade, and coiiperating with adjacent shroud members to form a shroud for the row, and peripheral buckets formed in said shroud.

11. Turbine blading comprising end supshroud members cooperating to form a ported blades mounted in a. row, a shroud shroud for the row of blades, and a row of or the free ends of the blades, and inclined peripheral buckets. peripheral buckets formed in said shroud In testimony whereof, I have hereunto 5 and located in overlapping relation. subscribed my name this tenth day of April, 15 12. Turbine blading comprising end sup- 1917. ported blades mounted in a. row, a shroud WARREN B. FLANDERS. member formed at the 'outer end of each Witnesses: blade, and a. portion of two peripheral C. W. McGmm, 1o buckets formed 1n each shroud member, said CAROLINE LOEWENTHAL. 

